After annealing, glass can be embellished in various ways, the most common being engraving, etching, and painting. In wheel-engraving, the design is produced by holding the glass against rotating discs of various sizes. In diamond-point engraving, a freehand technique, the surface is hammered with a diamond-pointed stylus. Both diamond-point and wheel-engraving are suitable for producing pictorial designs and inscriptions. Stipple engraving, whereby the glass is pricked with tiny dots, produces a design that appears almost to be breathed onto the glass; it is a delicate technique particularly associated with 17th-century Dutch glassware. Designs on glass can also be produced by etching the surface with acid, or by sandblasting; this produces a frosted effect and is particularly suitable for large items such as window glass. Glass can also be painted with enamels, which are then fused onto the surface in a low-temperature kiln. In gilding, gold leaf, gold paint, or gold dust is applied to the glass and sometimes left unfired; low-temperatire firing, however, is necessary to render it permanent.